The effect of consuming Palmaria palmata-enriched bread on inflammatory markers, antioxidant status, lipid profile and thyroid function in a randomised placebo-controlled intervention trial in healthy adults

Philip Allsopp, William Crowe, Bojlul Bahar, Pádraigín A. Harnedy, Emma S. Brown, Sonja S. Taylor, Thomas J. Smyth, Anna Soler-Vila, Pamela J. Magee, Chris I.R. Gill, Conall R. Strain, Vicky Hegan, Martin Devaney, Julie M.W. Wallace, Paul Cherry, Richard J. FitzGerald, J. J. Strain, John V. O’Doherty, Emeir M. McSorley

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Purpose: Palmaria palmata (P. Palmata) is reported to contain anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds albeit no study has investigated these effects in humans. Methods: A randomised parallel placebo-controlled human intervention study was carried out to investigate the effect of consuming P. Palmata (5 g/day) incorporated into a bread on serum markers of inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP); cytokine analysis] with secondary analysis investigating changes in lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides), thyroid function [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)] and antioxidant status ferric reducing antioxidant power. ANCOVA with baseline values as covariates, controlling for age, BMI, sex and smoking status, was used to compare differences between treatment groups over time. In vitro studies investigated the inflammatory activity of P. Palmata extracts (hot water, cold water and ethanol extract), protein extracts and associated protein hydrolysates using a Caco-2 inflammation cell model. Results: Consumption of P. Palmata-enriched bread significantly increased serum CRP (+16.1 %, P = 0.011), triglycerides (+31.9 %, P = 0.001) and TSH (+17.2 %, P = 0.017) when compared to the control group. In vitro evaluation of P. palmata extracts and protein hydrolysates identified a significant induction of IL-8 secretion by Caco-2 cells, and the hot water P. palmata extract was shown to increase adipocyte glycerol release (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Evidence from this human study suggests that P. palmata stimulates inflammation, increases serum triglycerides and alters thyroid function; however, these changes are not likely to impact health as changes remained within the normal clinical range. The data from the in vitro study provided indications that IL-8 may contribute to the apparent immunostimulation noted in the human study.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1951-1962
Number of pages12
JournalEuropean Journal of Nutrition
Volume55
Issue number5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Aug 2016

Keywords

  • Human intervention
  • Inflammation
  • Lipid
  • Palmaria palmata
  • Seaweed

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