TY - JOUR
T1 - The role of bacteria and mycorrhiza in plant sulfur supply
AU - Gahan, Jacinta
AU - Schmalenberger, Achim
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Gahan and Schmalenberger.
PY - 2014/12/16
Y1 - 2014/12/16
N2 - Plant growth is highly dependent on bacteria, saprophytic, and mycorrhizal fungi which facilitate the cycling and mobilization of nutrients. Over 95% of the sulfur (S) in soil is present in an organic form. Sulfate-esters and sulfonates, the major forms of organo-S in soils, arise through deposition of biological material and are transformed through subsequent humification. Fungi and bacteria release S from sulfate-esters using sulfatases, however, release of S from sulfonates is catalyzed by a bacterial multi-component mono-oxygenase system.The asfA gene is used as a key marker in this desulfonation process to study sulfonatase activity in soil bacteria identified asVariovorax, Polaromonas, Acidovorax, and Rhodococcus. The rhizosphere is regarded as a hot spot for microbial activity and recent studies indicate that this is also the case for the mycorrhizosphere where bacteria may attach to the fungal hyphae capable of mobilizing organo-S. While current evidence is not showing sulfatase and sulfonatase activity in arbuscular mycorrhiza, their effect on the expression of plant host sulfate transporters is documented. A revision of the role of bacteria, fungi and the interactions between soil bacteria and mycorrhiza in plant S supply was conducted.
AB - Plant growth is highly dependent on bacteria, saprophytic, and mycorrhizal fungi which facilitate the cycling and mobilization of nutrients. Over 95% of the sulfur (S) in soil is present in an organic form. Sulfate-esters and sulfonates, the major forms of organo-S in soils, arise through deposition of biological material and are transformed through subsequent humification. Fungi and bacteria release S from sulfate-esters using sulfatases, however, release of S from sulfonates is catalyzed by a bacterial multi-component mono-oxygenase system.The asfA gene is used as a key marker in this desulfonation process to study sulfonatase activity in soil bacteria identified asVariovorax, Polaromonas, Acidovorax, and Rhodococcus. The rhizosphere is regarded as a hot spot for microbial activity and recent studies indicate that this is also the case for the mycorrhizosphere where bacteria may attach to the fungal hyphae capable of mobilizing organo-S. While current evidence is not showing sulfatase and sulfonatase activity in arbuscular mycorrhiza, their effect on the expression of plant host sulfate transporters is documented. A revision of the role of bacteria, fungi and the interactions between soil bacteria and mycorrhiza in plant S supply was conducted.
KW - Asf gene cluster
KW - Mycorrhizal fungi
KW - Mycorrhizosphere
KW - Plant–microbe interactions
KW - Sulfatases
KW - Sulfate esters
KW - Sulfonate desulfurization
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84918827352&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fpls.2014.00723
DO - 10.3389/fpls.2014.00723
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84918827352
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 5
SP - 723
JO - Frontiers in Plant Science
JF - Frontiers in Plant Science
IS - DEC
M1 - 723
ER -