The science of a global organizational psychology: Differing approaches and assumptions

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss differences in assumptions in research in Industrial, Work, and Organizational (I-W/O) psychology around the world. We begin by pointing out that I-W/O psychology as a discipline is derived from a cultural context that may not reflect how most people in the world actually view work. We then focus on differences between our scientific assumptions in North America and in Europe, noting that even greater disparities are found in other parts of the world that differ culturally, politically, and economically from America and Europe. We then discuss differences in practice and briefly review the literature on cross-cultural research and differences in ways of gaining knowledge, citing examples of relevant research. We also discuss differences in meaning and measurement across different cultures, including different ways of knowing and the need for indigenous research. We note the value of international collaborations to enhance cross-cultural research and conclude by providing a number of recommendations for research and for our professional organizations.