The Zimbardo time perspective inventory: Time for a new strategy, not more new shortened versions

Elizabeth Temple, John L. Perry, Frank C. Worrell, Urška Zivkovic, Zena R. Mello, Bojan Musil, Jon C. Cole, Michael T. McKay

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Researchers continue to attempt to resolve the psychometric problems associated with the five-factor Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory through the development of shortened forms of the scale. These atheoretical efforts have been data driven and have resulted in scales whose reliability and validity have not been subsequently supported. The purpose of this paper was to explore the factorial validity and reliability of new short scales on samples independent from which they were developed. We used data from five different samples in four different countries (Australia, Britain, Slovenia, and the United States) to examine the psychometric validity and reliability of three recently developed scales, the ZTPI-20, ZTPI-17, and ZTPI-15. Results regarding validity were equivocal for all scales and reliability coefficients were suboptimal in all samples. We conclude by stressing the necessity for a theoretically driven approach to enhancing the psychometric assessment of time perspective rather than simply sacrificing reliability or discriminant validity for improved model fit in a shorter scale.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1167-1180
Number of pages14
JournalTime and Society
Volume28
Issue number3
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Aug 2019
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Confirmatory factor analysis
  • cross-cultural
  • exploratory structural equation modelling
  • internal consistency
  • Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory

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