Toxicological and bioactivity evaluation of blackcurrant press cake, sea buckthorn leaves and bark from Scots pine and Norway spruce extracts under a green integrated approach

Nora Pap, Dhanik Reshamwala, Risto Korpinen, Petri Kilpeläinen, Marina Fidelis, Marianna M. Furtado, Anderson S. Sant'Ana, Mingchun Wen, Liang Zhang, Jarkko Hellström, Pertti Marnilla, Pirjo Mattila, Tytti Sarjala, Baoru Yang, Amanda dos Santos Lima, Luciana Azevedo, Varpu Marjomäki, Daniel Granato

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Aqueous extracts from blackcurrant press cake (BC), Norway spruce bark (NS), Scots pine bark (SP), and sea buckthorn leaves (SB) were obtained using maceration and pressurized hot water and tested for their bioactivities. Maceration provided the extraction of higher dry matter contents, including total phenolics (TPC), anthocyanins, and condensed tannins, which also impacted higher antioxidant activity. NS and SB extracts presented the highest mean values of TPC and antioxidant activity. Individually, NS extract presented high contents of proanthocyanidins, resveratrol, and some phenolic acids. In contrast, SB contained a high concentration of ellagitannins, ellagic acid, and quercetin, explaining the antioxidant activity and antibacterial effects. SP and BC extracts had the lowest TPC and antioxidant activity. However, BC had strong antiviral efficacy, whereas SP can be considered a potential ingredient to inhibit α-amylase. Except for BC, the other extracts decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HCT8 and A549 cells. Extracts did not inhibit the production of TNF-alpha in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 macrophages but inhibited the ROS generation during the THP-1 cell respiratory burst. The recovery of antioxidant compounds from these by-products is incentivized for high value-added applications.

Original languageEnglish
Article number112284
Pages (from-to)112284
JournalFood and Chemical Toxicology
Volume153
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jul 2021
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Bioactive compounds
  • Circular economy
  • Extraction technologies
  • Free radicals
  • Industrial by-products
  • Natural resources

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