Wearable and Implantable Devices

The development of new materials for applications in wearable and implantable devices has expanded significantly. This chapter describes recent developments with a focus on electrodes used for skin and ocular sensors. Carbon-based materials are the most widespread in terms of use, especially for wearable devices. In particular, carbon nanotube-based systems, given their high surface area and conductivity, have been used extensively. In ocular applications, metals, typically gold, are used in conjunction with a range of support materials. The availability of modern communication devices has aided the development of monitoring systems that can be connected to these sensors. While a wide range of sensors have been described, these types of devices are predominantly in a research phase of development, and the use of these devices in a clinical environment faces significant challenges.